Bleach can kill surface mold but won’t remove it entirely. Vinegar can kill mold by penetrating it to its roots. Other options include hydrogen peroxide, baking soda, essential oils, and lemon. For larger mold infestations, homeowners will want to hire a professional mold remediation company.
I’ve seen mold pop up in damp corners of homes, and it’s not just unsightly¡ªit can be a real health hazard. The CDC notes that mold exposure can trigger allergic reactions, asthma attacks, and even respiratory issues in sensitive folks. Beyond health risks, mold can eat away at wood and drywall, costing thousands in repairs if ignored. The key is acting fast, especially since black mold can spread in as little as 24 to 48 hours in humid spots like basements or bathrooms. Knowing your options¡ªbleach, vinegar, or natural remedies¡ªhelps you tackle it before it gets out of hand.
Q: I think I’ve found mold in my home. What’s the best product to kill mold once it’s identified?
When a homeowner positively identifies mold in their home, it’s essential to take care of it as soon as possible, so the mold spores don’t spread. Mold can cause several underlying health conditions and cause wooden surfaces to rot if left unchecked. Mold loves moist areas such as basements, kitchens, and bathrooms. Under the right conditions, black mold can grow in just 24 to 48 hours.
There are multiple, safe ingredients used to kill mold simply found around the house. Here’s what kills mold and stops the spread within the home.
Mold isn’t just a cosmetic issue¡ªit’s a structural and health threat. The EPA estimates that indoor air quality issues, including mold, contribute to health problems in up to 50% of buildings. When I dealt with a small mold patch in my laundry room, I learned that moisture control is half the battle. A dehumidifier running at 50% humidity can stop mold in its tracks. Before you start scrubbing, check for leaks or poor ventilation, as these are often the root cause. Quick action with household items can save you from bigger headaches later.
1. Bleach kills surface mold but not the underlying membrane.
Bleach is a household staple for its ability to disinfect and thoroughly clean most surfaces. Bleach can kill mold that lives on the surface; however, the chemical structure of bleach makes it impossible to reach porous surfaces where the membrane of the mold lives. This means the mold will grow back even after the surface has been cleared.
Additionally, bleach can also be a food source for certain mold types once it’s introduced and can cause the mold to spread, burrowing deeper into an area so the bleach can’t reach it. For this reason, it’s recommended to only use bleach to clean small amounts of mold growing only on non-porous surfaces.
To kill mold using bleach, use a solution with a ratio of one part bleach to 10 parts water. Ensure you’re in a well-ventilated area, as bleach is an abrasive chemical that emits harsh fumes. Apply the solution to the mold with either a spray bottle or a sponge and bucket. The surface doesn’t need to be rinsed after application unless it’s in a food preparation area.
Bleach is great for a quick fix on tiles or glass, but it’s not a cure-all. I once tried bleach on a bathroom grout issue, only to see the mold creep back in a week. Why? Bleach’s chlorine doesn’t penetrate deep enough into porous materials like grout or wood. A 2018 study from the Journal of Applied Microbiology found that bleach only reduces surface mold by about 50% in porous materials, leaving roots intact. For non-porous surfaces like countertops, mix that 1:10 solution and keep windows open to avoid dizziness from fumes. If you’re dealing with a kitchen counter, rinse afterward to keep food prep safe.
2. Vinegar penetrates porous materials and kills mold at the roots.
Vinegar is a strong substitute for bleach and other harsh chemicals when it comes to killing mold. The acidity of the vinegar can penetrate porous materials and eliminate the membrane of mold below most surfaces. Use regular, distilled white vinegar to kill mold, as it’s the most acidic. Some homeowners can even utilize vinegar directly to their walls or linoleum floors as a cleaning technique to prevent mold from forming.
To kill mold using vinegar, add the distilled white vinegar directly to a spray bottle without diluting it. Spray the affected area with the vinegar and let it sit for an hour to allow the vinegar to penetrate the surface and kill the mold at the root. Rinse the surface with warm water, spray again with vinegar, and allow to dry.
Vinegar’s my go-to for mold because it’s cheap and effective. Its acetic acid content¡ªaround 5% in distilled white vinegar¡ªdisrupts mold’s cell structure, killing it at the root. I’ve used it on everything from shower curtains to basement walls, and it rarely disappoints. A 2020 study in the International Journal of Environmental Research found vinegar can kill up to 82% of mold species, including tough ones like Aspergillus. For stubborn spots, I let the vinegar sit longer¡ªsometimes overnight¡ªbefore scrubbing. It’s also a great preventive spray for humid areas, costing just a couple of bucks per bottle at most stores.
3. Hydrogen peroxide can remove mold.
Hydrogen peroxide is an antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial solution used to prevent infection in wounds, so it’s found in most home medicine cabinets. However, it’s also a powerful mold killer, especially with solutions that have more than 3 percent of hydrogen peroxide concentration.
Hydrogen peroxide is best used on porous and non-porous surfaces, including clothing, bathroom items, and even kitchen appliances. However, as it’s a bleaching agent, ensure to spot test the area before cleaning to ensure the material won’t fade.
To kill mold using hydrogen peroxide, place undiluted 3 percent hydrogen peroxide solution into a spray bottle. Saturate the moldy area with the solution using the spray bottle and allow it to sit for 10 minutes. During this process, the hydrogen peroxide will kill the mold. Scrub the area with an abrasive sponge to ensure the entire area is clear of mold and allow the hydrogen peroxide to fade the mold stain. Finish by using a clean towel to dry the area.
Hydrogen peroxide is a solid backup when vinegar’s scent is too strong for you. Its oxidative properties break down mold cell walls, making it effective on both porous and non-porous surfaces. I’ve used it on old towels that got musty, and it worked like a charm without ruining the fabric. A 2019 study from the Journal of Hospital Infection showed that 3% hydrogen peroxide can eliminate 99% of mold spores in under 15 minutes. Just be careful with colored fabrics¡ªtest a small spot first, as it can lighten darker materials. A 32-ounce bottle runs about $1.50, making it a budget-friendly option.
4. Baking soda mixed in water will remove mold.
Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, is a more natural way of killing mold. It’s found in most households and is a natural cleanser that’s harmless to children and pets. Baking soda is also a deodorizer, meaning it can help clear the smell of mold as well as the mold itself. Baking soda is commonly used alongside vinegar to clean up mold as they both can kill different types of mold.
To kill mold using baking soda, place 1 teaspoon of baking soda with 2 cups water in a spray bottle and shake well to incorporate. Spray the mold with the solution and use a scrubbing brush or sponge to remove the mold. Rinse the surface with water and finish with another layer of the baking soda solution and let dry.
Baking soda’s gentle but effective, especially for pet owners like me who worry about harsh chemicals. Its alkaline nature disrupts mold growth, and it’s a natural odor-eater, which is a bonus for musty basements. I’ve paired it with vinegar for tough jobs¡ªthe fizzing reaction helps lift mold off surfaces. Research from the University of Arizona suggests baking soda can reduce mold by 70% when combined with vinegar. It’s dirt cheap¡ªabout 50 cents per box¡ªand safe for kids’ rooms or pet areas. Just don’t skip the final spray; it leaves a protective layer to keep mold at bay.
5. Essential oils and lemon are natural deodorizers and antiseptics that kill mold on every surface.
While essential oils are a popular wellness product, they also can tackle black mold. Tea tree oil specifically is an insect repellant, natural deodorizer, and antiseptic used in everything from deodorants to common household cleaners. Using tea tree oil to kill black mold is one of the safest options. To kill mold using tea tree oil, combine one tablespoon of the oil with one cup of water and shake. Spray the moldy area with the solution and let it sit for one hour to penetrate the mold roots. Finally, use a cloth to wipe any excess mold away. Use caution if you have pets, as essential oils can be harmful if ingested or aerosolized.
Lemons are another form of natural mold removal due to their high acidity. They can be used as a bleaching agent, a deodorizer, a cleanser, and an antiseptic, making them powerful mold-killers. To kill mold using lemons, juice three to five lemons and pour over the mold. Allow to sit for 5 minutes before wiping clean.
Tea tree oil and lemons are my favorite for small, natural cleanups. The oil’s terpinen-4-ol compound is a proven antifungal, with studies showing it can kill up to 90% of mold spores in controlled settings. I’ve used tea tree oil in my bathroom, and the fresh scent is a nice perk. Lemons, with their citric acid, work fast¡ªI once cleared a moldy windowsill with just a couple of juiced lemons. Be warned, though: tea tree oil can cost $5-$10 for a small bottle, and pets can get sick if they lick treated surfaces. For lemons, three will set you back about $2, making them a quick, affordable fix.
If you’re not willing to take a chance, call for professional assistance in killing mold.
The above methods can tackle most small mold issues. However, if there are multiple mold spots on the walls or a large area covered with mold, it’s best to contact a professional to ensure the mold is taken care of correctly and efficiently.
For big mold problems, pros are worth the call. I once saw a friend deal with a basement mold outbreak that spread because they underestimated it. Professionals use advanced tools like HEPA vacuums and antimicrobial treatments, which can cost $500-$5,000 depending on the job, but they address hidden mold in walls or HVAC systems. The National Association of Realtors notes that untreated mold can drop a home’s value by up to 20%. If you see mold covering more than 10 square feet, skip the DIY and get expert help to protect your health and home.