How to Troubleshoot a Dishwasher Diverter Motor
A dishwasher is a time-saving appliance in any kitchen, but when it stops working properly, it can quickly become a source of frustration. One common culprit behind dishwasher issues is the diverter motor—a small but critical component that directs water to the spray arms during the wash cycle. If your dishes aren’t getting clean, you’re noticing error codes, or water isn’t spraying as it should, the diverter motor might be to blame. This article will guide you through the process of troubleshooting a dishwasher diverter motor step-by-step, offering detailed instructions, supplemental insights, and practical tips to help you diagnose and resolve the issue. By the end, you’ll also find a handy FAQ section to address common questions.
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What Is a Dishwasher Diverter Motor?
Before diving into troubleshooting, it’s essential to understand what the diverter motor does. The diverter motor is responsible for controlling the diverter disc or valve, which directs water flow to different spray arms (upper, lower, or middle) in the dishwasher. This ensures that all dishes receive adequate water pressure for thorough cleaning. When the motor malfunctions, water distribution becomes uneven, leading to poor cleaning performance or even complete failure of the wash cycle.
According to AppliancePartsPros.com, “The Diverter Motor is an OEM part for Whirlpool dishwashers. It controls the movement of the diverter disc, which directs water flow to different spray arms during the wash cycle. A faulty diverter motor can prevent the proper distribution of water, leading to poor cleaning performance” [(( AppliancePartsPros.com ))]. Electrical issues, wear and tear, or water damage are common causes of diverter motor failure.
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Signs of a Faulty Diverter Motor
Recognizing the symptoms of a malfunctioning diverter motor is the first step in troubleshooting. Here are some telltale signs:
1. Dishes Aren’t Getting Clean: If the upper or lower rack consistently has dirty dishes, the diverter motor might not be directing water properly.
2. No Water Spraying: If the spray arms aren’t working despite the dishwasher filling with water, the motor may have failed.
3. Error Codes: Many modern dishwashers display error codes (e.g., LG’s “NE” or KitchenAid’s “9-1”) indicating diverter motor issues.
4. Unusual Noises: Clicking, buzzing, or grinding sounds during the wash cycle could point to a motor struggling to operate.
5. Leaks Under the Dishwasher: A failing seal around the diverter motor shaft can cause water to drip beneath the unit.
These symptoms can overlap with other dishwasher problems, so systematic troubleshooting is key to pinpointing the diverter motor as the issue.
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Tools You’ll Need
To troubleshoot effectively, gather these tools:
- Multimeter (for testing electrical continuity and resistance)
- Screwdrivers (Phillips and Torx, depending on your dishwasher model)
- Nut driver (typically 1/4-inch or 5/16-inch)
- Towels (to manage water spills)
- Flashlight (for better visibility)
- Manufacturer’s manual (optional but helpful for model-specific guidance)
Safety first: Always unplug the dishwasher or turn off the circuit breaker before starting any work to avoid electrical hazards.
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Step-by-Step Troubleshooting Guide
Step 1: Verify the Problem
Start by running a normal wash cycle and observing the dishwasher’s behavior. Listen for odd noises, check if the spray arms are spinning, and inspect the dishes afterward. If only one rack is consistently unclean, the diverter motor might not be switching water flow correctly. For example, Sears Parts Direct notes, “If just the dishes in the upper dishrack aren’t getting clean, you may need to replace the diverter motor in that type of dishwasher” [(( Sears Parts Direct ))].
Step 2: Check for Error Codes
Modern dishwashers often display error codes that can point directly to the diverter motor. For instance:
- LG Dishwashers: An “NE” error typically signals a diverter motor issue. AppliancePartsPros.com explains, “The NE error on LG dishwashers is primarily caused by issues with the diverter motor” [(( AppliancePartsPros.com ))].
- KitchenAid: A “9-1” code might indicate the diverter motor isn’t functioning.
Refer to your dishwasher’s manual to decode any displayed errors and confirm if the motor is implicated.
Step 3: Access the Diverter Motor
To inspect the motor, you’ll need to access it, typically located at the bottom of the dishwasher:
1. Disconnect power and water supply.
2. Remove the lower access panel (usually secured with screws).
3. Lay the dishwasher on its back carefully to expose the underside.
4. Locate the diverter motor—it’s often a small cylindrical component near the circulation pump with wire harnesses attached.
Sears Parts Direct provides a clear guide: “Carefully lay the dishwasher on its back to access the diverter motor. Release and remove the wire harness connections from the diverter motor. Remove the Torx mounting screws” [(( Sears Parts Direct ))].
Step 4: Inspect for Physical Damage
Visually check the motor and its surroundings:
- Leaks: Look for water stains or corrosion around the motor, which could indicate a failed seal.
- Wiring: Ensure the wire harnesses are secure and undamaged.
- Debris: Check for blockages that might interfere with the motor’s operation.
A common issue is a leaking seal, as noted by a JustAnswer expert: “The diverter motor itself isn’t the problem. The issue is the grommet built into the plastic sump housing which all the motors are attached to. The seal on the diverter valve is common to leak” [(( JustAnswer ))].
Step 5: Test the Diverter Motor with a Multimeter
To confirm if the motor is functional:
1. Disconnect the wire harness from the motor.
2. Set your multimeter to resistance (Ohms) mode.
3. Touch the probes to the motor’s terminals.
4. Check the reading:
- For LG models, AppliancePartsPros.com advises, “Check the meter, which should read around 4,000 Ohms. If the reading is more than 200 Ohms different than this, then the motor needs to be replaced.”
- For Whirlpool or Kenmore models, a reading of infinity (no continuity) or a significant deviation from the expected resistance (check your manual) indicates failure.
If you’re comfortable, you can also test the motor by applying power directly (e.g., 120V for Whirlpool models), but this requires caution and is best left to experienced DIYers. A JustAnswer technician confirms, “Yes you can test the diverter motor by applying voltage to it, but you would need to have the diverter motor off of the pump housing so you can see the shaft rotate” [(( JustAnswer ))].
Step 6: Check Related Components
If the motor tests fine, the issue might lie elsewhere:
- Control Board: A faulty board might not send power to the motor. Test voltage at the board’s diverter motor output (e.g., 120V for Whirlpool).
- Diverter Disc/Valve: Ensure it moves freely and isn’t stuck.
- Seal/Grommet: A worn seal can cause leaks that damage the motor over time.
Step 7: Decide on Repair or Replacement
If the motor is defective, replace it with a manufacturer-approved part. Installation typically involves reversing the removal steps—reattaching wires, securing screws, and reassembling the dishwasher. If the seal is also compromised, replace it simultaneously to prevent future leaks.
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Supplemental Tips and Insights
Preventive Maintenance
Preventing diverter motor issues starts with regular care:
- Clean the Pump and Spray Arms: 911appliance.com suggests, “Regularly clean the pump and spray arm to prevent clogs and blockages” [(( 911appliance.com ))]. Debris can strain the motor.
- Check Water Quality: Hard water can lead to limescale buildup, affecting motor performance. Use a descaler if needed.
- Inspect Seals: Replace worn seals promptly to avoid water damage.
Model-Specific Considerations
Different brands have unique designs:
- Whirlpool/Kenmore: Often use a diverter motor (e.g., part #W10537869) prone to seal leaks.
- LG: The “Vario motor” (diverter motor) is sensitive to wiring issues.
- Bosch: May integrate the diverter into the sump assembly, requiring a broader repair approach.
Check your model’s technical sheet for specifics, often available on the manufacturer’s website or inside the door frame.
When to Call a Professional
If testing reveals a functioning motor but the problem persists, or if you’re uneasy about electrical work, consult a technician. Complex control board issues or sump assembly replacements might exceed DIY scope.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: How do I know if my diverter motor is bad?
A: Look for unclean dishes (especially in one rack), no spraying, error codes (e.g., “NE” or “9-1”), or leaks under the dishwasher. Test with a multimeter for confirmation.
Q: Can I test the diverter motor without removing it?
A: Not easily. You need to access the terminals to test resistance or apply power, which requires partial disassembly. Removal ensures you can see if the shaft rotates when powered.
Q: How much does a replacement diverter motor cost?
A: Prices vary by brand—typically $30-$60 for OEM parts (e.g., Whirlpool W10537869 on Amazon). Add $5-$15 for a seal if needed.
Q: Why does my diverter motor keep leaking?
A: A worn or improperly installed seal (grommet) is often the cause. Replace both the motor and seal, and ensure proper lubrication during installation.
Q: Can I bypass the diverter motor?
A: Technically, yes, by removing the diverter disc (as some DIYers on iFixit suggest), but this reduces water pressure to spray arms and compromises cleaning efficiency [(( iFixit ))].
Q: How long should a diverter motor last?
A: With proper maintenance, 5-10 years. Frequent use, hard water, or seal failure can shorten its lifespan.
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Conclusion
Troubleshooting a dishwasher diverter motor requires patience and a methodical approach, but with the right tools and guidance, it’s a manageable DIY task. By verifying symptoms, testing the motor, and inspecting related components, you can diagnose the issue accurately and decide whether to repair or replace. Regular maintenance and prompt attention to leaks can extend the life of this critical component, keeping your dishwasher running smoothly. Armed with this detailed guide, you’re well-equipped to tackle the problem and restore your kitchen’s unsung hero to full functionality.